Garlic is a seasoning that people often use in daily life, so the demand is relatively large, so the area of ​​garlic in China has increased a lot in recent years. There are certain differences in garlic cultivation techniques in each region. Let's learn about the garlic growing experience in Hangzhou.
Garlic is an allium plant of the family Liliaceae and is an important spice vegetable. At present, China's garlic planting area is gradually expanding. Except for the main producing areas of Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province and Henan Province, other areas are also widely cultivated. The Yangtze River Basin is also an important production area of ​​garlic. Due to the difference in climatic conditions, the garlic cultivation techniques in each region have their own characteristics, and the cultivation management methods are also different from other regions. The cultivation techniques of high quality and high quality garlic in Hangzhou are introduced as follows.
1 selection of land preparation
Garlic prefers fertilizer water, the root water absorption is very weak, and the soil is fertile and well drained sandy loam. Garlic should not be used for continuous cropping. It is not advisable to use onions, alfalfa, onions and other crops as the front stalks. The precocious peas, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, corn and other crops can be used as the forehead, and intercropping with grain. The autumn-sown garlic in the Yangtze River Basin is generally ploughed and sun-dried after harvesting. Before ploughing, each 667 square meters of fermented farmyard manure 4000~5000kg, cake fertilizer 100-150kg, standard nitrogen fertilizer 50kg, phosphate fertilizer 30kg, potash fertilizer 30kg, and then intensive cultivation, The flattening is done, and the width of the kneading surface is 1.5 to 2.0 m, which is made into a high-deep deep ditch to facilitate drainage.
2 selection of good varieties
Choose garlic varieties with large garlic, high yield and strong disease resistance. The main cultivars in this area include Jiading Garlic, Xuzhou White Garlic, Hangzhou White Peel Garlic, Sichuan Chengdu Dishui and so on. Among them, Jiading Garlic, Xuzhou White Garlic and Hangzhou White Peel Garlic belong to white-skinned species, which have large garlic head and lighter taste. Sichuan Chengdu Dishui is a purple-skinned species. Its garlic is large and small, with few petals and spicy taste. concentrated.
3 timely sowing
3.1 Selection and treatment of garlic cloves
As the garlic clove for sowing, it should have the typical characteristics of this variety, the garlic is large, no damage, no deformity. Grab the garlic cloves before sowing. Do not mix large and small garlic seeds together to avoid affecting the yield and quality. In order to break the dormancy and promote germination in production, you can peel off the garlic skin before sowing or soak the garlic cloves in water for 1 to 2 days before sowing, or soak seeds with 50% carbendazim 500 times for 10 to 12 hours, remove and dry. sowing. In addition, the garlic cloves are treated at a low temperature of 0 to 4 ° C for 1 month, and the germination can be greatly advanced.
3.2 sowing time
Garlic is a cold crop, suitable for winter in the south, the suitable temperature for germination is about 22 °C, the suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth is 15-20 °C, and the suitable temperature for late growth is about 25 °C. In the Hangzhou area, it is generally carried out after the dormancy of garlic. Cultivation based on harvested garlic, the sowing period is later than in the north, mostly in the middle and late September, harvested in June next year.
3.3 Seeding density and seeding rate
Sowing according to the level, insert the selected garlic clove directly into the soil, not too deep, and reveal the tip. When harvesting garlic is the main cultivation purpose, the plant spacing (15-20 cm)×10-13 cm, and the seeding amount per 667 square meters is 66.7-133.3 kg. The larger the row spacing, the larger the single bulb weight, but the deformed bulbs are prone to occur. Cover the soil 2~3cm after sowing, and compact the cover soil to make it tight and loose. When the weather is dry, water it immediately after sowing to keep the soil moist.
4 field management
After emergence, timely cultivating and loosening the soil. During the growth of green garlic, it is necessary to topdress 2 to 3 times to promote the growth of the aboveground parts. The cultivating and weeding work is especially important after the garlic seedlings are unearthed. When the seedling height is 10-15 cm, the cultivating can be deeper; when the seedling height is more than 30 cm, the cultivating should be shallower. Generally, cultivating and watering are combined with fertilization. In addition, for the purpose of producing garlic, 30-40 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters before wintering, and the wintering water is poured once in time after fertilization to ensure the seedlings are safe for winter.
After the spring of the next year, the ditch should be renovated to drain in time. Spring is the vigorous period of growth of garlic plants, and it is also the period of vigorous elongation of garlic. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants increases rapidly. Apply fertilizer once in the first ten days of March, and apply 20-25 kg of ammonium sulfate per 667 square meters to promote convulsions and accelerate the growth and development of garlic cloves. At the end of March, a heavy fertilizer was applied, 20 kg of urea was applied to 667 square meters, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer was applied. At the same time, watering was paid to keep the soil moist. From April to May of the next year, the bulbs have begun to expand, and there are many rains. It is necessary to pay attention to drainage, otherwise it will easily cause the garlic petals to spread. The use of chemical herbicides such as herbicide, trifluralin, combined with colored film coverage has a good herbicidal effect.
Watering should be done as little as possible 3 to 4 days before harvesting garlic. After the garlic is harvested, it enters the vigorous expansion period of the garlic. At this time, the plant grows slowly, and generally no longer topdressing. If the soil is dry, the water can be poured in small water to keep the soil moist, so as to lower the ground temperature and promote the expansion. Watering is stopped 5 to 7 days before harvest to promote bulb ripening and enhance storability.
5 pest control
In the Yangtze River Basin, garlic pests and diseases mainly include leaf blight, soft rot, garlic and so on. The principle of prevention and control is based on prevention and comprehensive prevention.
By strengthening field management, rational close planting, adding NPK fertilizer, adding biological antibacterial fertilizer, cultivating strong seedlings, timely drainage after rain, and preventing agricultural water accumulation in the field, garlic pests and diseases can be effectively controlled. For leaf blight, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, 50% chlorhexidine WP 1500 times solution, 64% antivirus WP 1500 times solution, 25% mancozeb in the early stage of the disease Zinc 400 times liquid or 50% speed Keling 1000 times liquid spray control, spray once every 7 to 10 days, continuous prevention and control 3 to 4 times; for the prevention and treatment of soft rot, 72% agricultural chain can be used before or during the onset of the disease 3000 to 4000 times solution of oxytetracycline, 1000% solution of 50% dexamethasone, 3000 to 4000 times of new phytomycin, spraying once every 5 to 7 days, continuous prevention and treatment 2 to 3 times depending on the condition; , pests and other pests with 25% Kung Fu EC 3000 times solution, 24% Wanlings 1000 times liquid or 505 Mulberry pine 1500 times liquid spray control; for the control of garlic, 50% phoxim 1000 ~ 1500 times Liquid or 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 800 times liquid, sprinkle the affected garlic plants, spray once every 4 to 5 days, and inoculate the insect pests 2 to 3 times. The larval stage can be rooted with 1200 times liquid of 90% crystal trichlorfon.
6 timely harvest
6.1 Garlic harvest
After the garlic is differentiated, it will elongate quickly and need to be harvested in time, otherwise it will affect the yield of the garlic. In the first half of May, when the garlic stalks reveal the leaf sheath and the flower buds are slightly flat hammered, they can be harvested. The harvest is carried out in the afternoon on a sunny day, usually under the third leaf of the lower part of the garlic. In order to mention the morning market, the garlic stalks are about 7cm higher than the last leaf's leaf sheath, and the upper part is not bent when harvested; when the garlic sorghum is increased, the garlic stalk can be raised about 15cm higher than the last leaf. Harvested when bent down.
6.2 Harvest of garlic
Garlic can be harvested 20 to 30 days after harvest. At this time, the garlic leaves are mostly dry, the upper leaves are faded to the tip of the leaves, and the plants are in a soft state, and the garlic can be harvested. After harvesting, dry in the field for a few days, then bundle them into bundles and store or hang them in a cool place. In the process of drying, it is necessary to prevent sunburn from burning the sun, and pay attention to weather changes to prevent rain.
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