First, pay attention to choose suitable rootstock
Whether grafted cultivation can achieve the effect of disease resistance, stress resistance, and yield increase depends on the selection of the rootstock. Good rootstock requirements: First, grafting affinity and symbiotic affinity, easy to survive after grafting, strong growth after survival; Second, the main disease prevention of the scion show high resistance or immunity; Third, the resistance to stress after grafting, the scion Quality has no adverse effects or adverse effects. At present, cucumbers use black-skinned squash as rootstocks, watermelons use squash as rootstocks, melons use hybrid squash as rootstocks, and tomatoes and eggplants use their wild varieties as rootstocks.
Second, pay attention to choose suitable sowing date
Seedlings of rootstocks and scions are generally 5-8 days ahead of grafted self-rooted seedlings, and the scions are sown in loose soil. The rootstocks can be sown or sowed in the nutrient bowl. The general scioning method requires the smallest scion, the root stocks need early sowing; followed by the smashing method; again depends on the method, requires a larger scion, the rootstock can be slightly sowing or sowing simultaneously with the scion. Melon scion cultured generally to the cotyledon flat, heart leaves exposed, rootstock seedlings with cotyledon flattening is appropriate; eggplant scion generally up to 3-4 true leaves, rootstock seedlings up to 5-6 true leaves is appropriate.
Third, pay attention to choose the right place
The choice of a quiet, clean and windless place not only facilitates the operation, but also facilitates the improvement of grafting quality and grafting efficiency. Grafting sites require suitable temperature to facilitate wound healing, generally 20-25 °C is appropriate; to prevent seedlings from losing water during the cutting wilting, air humidity to reach a saturated state is appropriate; In addition, to prevent the glare from direct exposure to seedlings leads to wilting Grafting sites should be properly shaded. A shade shed should be set up for grafting and raising in the summer, and the water should be sealed several days before grafting to increase the air humidity.
Fourth, pay attention to choose the appropriate equipment
When cutting, the cutting tool uses a double-blade double-sided blade, which can be folded into two halves along the center line and cut off the blade-free part at both ends. The jack tool is a bamboo stick. It must be cut with bamboo pieces, and the thickness should be similar to that of the scion stem. The length should be about 10 cm, and one end should be cut into a double wedge surface with a length of about 1 cm. Multi-purpose plastic grafting clip fixed interface, the old grafting clips should be 200 times formalin soaked for 8 hours disinfection, fingering, blade, bamboo sticks apply 70% alcohol cotton balls to disinfect, so as not to interface infection.
Fifth, pay attention to choose the appropriate method
There are many methods of grafting, but most of the grafted seedlings used in vegetable grafting are splicing, butt-jointing and plug-in methods. The splicing method is mainly used for the grafting of tomato and eggplant, relatively large seedlings are required for rootstocks and scion, and the operation is simple, the work efficiency is high, and the survival rate is good. The grafting method is mainly applied to the grafting of cucumbers, netted melons, and tomatoes. The advantage is that the scion is temporarily retained from the root system, cut off after survival, and the operation is easy, and the graft survival rate is high. Plug-in method is mainly used for watermelon, cucumber and net melon. Using this method, seedlings occupy a small area of ​​the seedbed, convenient operation, high survival rate, but after grafting on the temperature and humidity requirements are higher until the survival before the shading management.
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