Corn is planted in a few months. Corn is planted in a few months each year. To know the timing of corn planting, we must first understand the growth habits of corn. The corn growth period is short, and the growth period requires warm and rainy days. Corn consumes a lot of water. If there is less precipitation and insufficient irrigation water, it will reduce production or even harvest. If the early frost in the fall is too early, the corn will be frozen at maturity and will also reduce production.
Corn planting time Corn is divided into spring corn and autumn corn according to different planting time. Spring corn is planted in early April in late May and harvested in late August. Autumn corn can not be planted later than mid-July, and harvested in mid-to-late October. In the whole life of corn, according to morphological characteristics, fertility characteristics and physiological characteristics, it can be divided into several different growth stages. Each stage includes different birth stages. These different stages and periods have their own characteristics and are closely related. Contact.
1. Seedling stage
The corn seedling stage refers to the period of sowing to jointing, which is the vegetative growth stage of rooting and differentiation of stems and leaves. The characteristics of fertility at this stage are: the root system develops faster, but the growth of stems and leaves in the shoots is slower. To this end, the central task of field management is to promote root development, cultivate strong seedlings, and meet the requirements of “four seedlings†of Miaozao, Miaozuo, Miaoqi and Miaozhuang, laying a good foundation for high yield of corn. This stage is divided into the following two periods.
1 sowing period: seed germination, groundbreaking and emergence. At this time, we must pay attention to the planting density, improve the quality of sowing, and not affect the emergence of seedlings. 30-40% of nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. In some areas, zinc fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer can be applied in an appropriate amount. After the seedlings are planted, the Heilongjiang area is prone to spring drought, affecting the emergence rate. Mild drought is conducive to the development of the root system and the lowering of the roots.
A living seed is buried in the soil. When the outside temperature is above 8 degrees, the moisture content is about 60%, and the aeration conditions are suitable, the seedlings are generally released after about 10 days. When the three-leaf stage is reached, the nutrient storage of the seed is exhausted, which is called the “wilt periodâ€, which is the first stage of the corn seedling stage.
At this stage, soil moisture is the main factor affecting emergence. In addition, the seeding depth of the seed directly affects the speed of emergence. The seedlings that emerge early are generally stronger than the younger ones. According to the test, the average depth of emergence is 2.5 cm per planting. One day, so the seedlings are weak.
2 Three-leaf stage: seedling, three-leaf stage and jointing stage are long roots of seeds, differentiated stems and leaves, stems and leaves grow relatively slowly, and roots develop rapidly. At this time, we must pay attention to promoting root growth, strong seedlings, ensuring early emergence, high emergence rate, and emergence of seedlings.
The three-leaf period is the first turning point in corn's life, and corn has turned from self-supporting life to heterotrophic life. From the three-leaf stage to the jointing, due to the underdeveloped roots and leaves of the plants, the nutrients absorbed and produced are limited, and the seedlings grow slowly, mainly for root and leaf growth and stem segment differentiation. When the corn seedlings are afraid of cockroaches, they are not afraid of drought. If they are light, they will affect growth, but they will cause dead seedlings and mild drought, which is conducive to the development of the root system and the lowering of the roots.
2, jointing period
60-70% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied as a top dressing, and the growth is good at one time in the big bell stage. The long-term difference is applied twice in the jointing stage and the big bell mouth. It is required to apply a fertilizer depth of 10cm and cover the soil in time.
3, big bell mouth period
During the jointing stage, the big trumpet period and the tasseling stage, the stems are rapidly elongated, the leaves are rapidly enlarged, the roots are developed, and the male and female ears are differentiated. At this time, it is necessary to pay attention to promoting leaves and strong stalks, preventing lodging and increasing ear growth. The period from the jointing to the tasseling of corn is called the earing stage. Jointing is the second turning point of corn's life. The growth and development characteristics of this stage are:
Vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out at the same time, that is, the vegetative organs such as leaves and stems are vigorously growing and the reproductive organs such as the male and female ears are strongly differentiated and formed. This period is the most vigorous stage of corn growth and development, and the most critical period of field management. To this end, the central task of field management at this stage is to promote the enlargement of the middle and upper leaves and the high yield of stems and stalks to achieve the purpose of large spikes and large spikes. Use foliar fertilizer.
4, tasseling period
The period from the time of tasseling to maturity of corn is called the tasseling period. When the corn is squirming and loose powder, all the leaves have been unfolded and the plants have been fixed. The fertility characteristics of this stage are: the basic stop of the growth of vegetative bodies, and the entry into the stage of reproductive growth, the third turning point of corn's life. To this end, the central task of field management at this stage is to protect the leaves from damage, premature aging, and strive for more grain and grain weight to achieve high yield.
5. Mature period
Corn enters the stage of flowering, pollination, fertilization and endosperm cell division. At this time, it is necessary to pay attention to the roots of the leaves, prevent lodging, prevent aging, and increase the number of grains.
Corn planting precautions Corn is a kind of light crop that requires both water and scars. The demand for water is different at different growth stages. It requires fertile soil and can be irrigated. Therefore, it is necessary to open three trenches on the soil. Ditch, furrow and compartment ditch, and make the ditch and ditch communicate, the ditch does not accumulate water, can be able to fill the discharge.
It is best to plough the frozen slabs or plant the winter vegetables in the next year. When the corn is planted in the second year, the soil is loose and dry, and the granule structure is good, which is beneficial to the growth of corn. If there is no ploughing in the next year, you should choose sunny and timely land preparation after the spring, and keep the soil dry, prevent agglomeration and slab, affect the root growth, and at the same time do the weed removal.
Corn is a high-yield crop, which requires a large amount of fertilizer. It must be rationally fertilized to meet the nutrient needs of corn throughout its growth period. According to the test, the production of 100 kg of corn seeds requires 2.5 kg of nitrogen, 1 kg of phosphorus, and 2.1 kg of potassium. If the yield per mu is 500 kg of corn, the acre needs about 33 kg of urea, or 50 kg of ammonium nitrate, 31 kg of superphosphate, and 13 kg of potassium sulfate.
In the three stages of corn growth, the proportion of fertilizer needed is different. The seedling stage accounts for 2% of total fertilizer, the ear stage accounts for 85%, and the grain stage accounts for 13%. From the jointing to the big glutinous period, the corn is the peak period of fertilizer demand. When fertilizing, it is reasonable to fertilize, that is, the combination of bottom fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing; nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer combination; agricultural fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and biological fertilizer combination.
1. Base fertilizer, 1000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer (such as pig manure) per acre, 80 kg of compound fertilizer with effective content of 25% plus ZnSO4 (ie zinc sulphate) and MnSO4 (ie manganese sulphate) Kilogram plus borax (can be sterilized) 2 two (the application is good: open a ditch near the crop root between the crop rows, put the fertilizer into the ditch); now there is corn special fertilizer.
2, in the 3 leaves and one heart period to apply seedlings, 10 kg of water to 1 to 5 to 2 urea roots. (Note: Do not pour onto the blade, otherwise it will cause burning)
3, 6 leaves when topdressing once, using acupoints (ie: 8-10 cm beside the root of each corn with a thick wooden rod to make a hole, use a common mineral water bottle cap a tip cover urea to put a hole, then hole Cover it well.) Pay attention to keep the soil moist. If the soil is dry, you can pour a small cup of water after fertilization. Do not pour too much. It is better to moisten the soil.
4, 12 leaves, then topdressing once, each planted mineral water bottle cover 2~3 cover, directly spread on the roots, and then cultivated soil (cultivation soil: the soil between the rows or the ditch is cultivated on the base of the plant, the ridge surface, forming the soil ridge Or sorghum management measures. The soil can increase the thickness of the fertile soil layer of the root system, which is beneficial to drought prevention and protection, and is convenient for drainage and flood control. It can also promote secondary roots on the plants buried in the soil and create a good growth for adventitious roots. The rooting environment is conducive to preventing lodging and reducing weeds.
5. Pour a permeable water when the corn is drawn or spun. At other times, if the leaves are not rolled at noon, there is no need to water them, because corn is a drought-resistant plant, and it is not good to water too much.
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