§ Written in the front <br>The discovery of animal behavior or abnormal changes in the body is an important part of the daily work of experimental animal users. In your daily work, you have many opportunities to observe the normal performance and behavior of animals. When observing, the mind needs to know what is the normal performance of a particular group, a particular group or a particular type of animal. When we find that an animal behaves differently than normal, then the change can be called a clinical symptom because it may be a sign of a clinical (or visible) disease. Sneezing, dysentery or loss of appetite are also areas of clinical symptoms, and we can also refer to these abnormal changes as abnormal findings. This issue mainly introduces you to some clinical symptoms of rodent experimental animal hair.
Hair removal (alopecia, hair removal, grooming, excessive grooming)
Describe the baldness refers to the phenomenon that the whole or partial hair of the animal appears to fall off. When depilation is described, it is necessary to accurately describe the size of the hair removal area, the condition of the skin, the position of the hair removal, and whether hair removal occurs on both sides of the body.
Alopecia may be caused by certain conditions, such as excessive grooming or plucking, and systemic diseases such as cancer. Animal scratching caused by parasites or other skin infections may also cause local hair loss, or may be due to stress. Cause, for example, a suckling pup or a repeated pregnancy. Some animals, such as rabbits, may also pluck hair for nesting.
Figure 1 This guinea pig caused hormonal changes due to multiple pregnancies, resulting in total hair loss. On the side of it, there are traces of fighting with the same cage animals.
Shaving (chewing hair, excessive grooming, pulling beard)
The location where the animal appears to have bald spots is usually on the back, shoulders or head, while the skin after depilation is normal to the naked eye.
The cause is most common in mice and is an abnormal behavior. There may be one animal in the cage that is normal (shaved), but other animals have hair removal areas. Animals may also rub their mouth and nose and head hair on the trough crossbar, in which case all animals in the cage may be affected (see hair loss).
Figure 2A These pictures (Figures 2A-2E) show different types of shaving. This is a significant problem in female C57BL/6 mice. The left picture shows mice that are overly groomed, and the right picture shows normal mice. The mother has removed all the hair of one of the young rats.
Figure 2B The beard of the mouse has been removed.
Figure 2C This group of animals has varying degrees of shaving. Usually we are unable to find a specific shave in a group because the animals can shave themselves or shave each other.
Figure 2D Another overly groomed animal. The beard of the animal in the cage is missing, and only the bare skin is left with the lateral hair pulled out. (Image courtesy of Dr. J. Garner)
Figure 2E The female rat has removed the hair from both the abdomen and the legs, either because of shaving or because of nesting.
Hair change (hair loss, alopecia)
Description Hair replacement refers to hair removal that occurs during normal hair growth. During the hair-changing process, the hair will re-grow, and if the hair can't re-grow or the animal has bald spots, it will be abnormal.
When the indoor temperature is too high, the animal may have hair loss (common in rabbits). It is also possible to change hair (see baldness) due to seasonal, dietary problems, imbalances in hormone levels, or stress stress caused by production and breastfeeding.
Figure 3 This figure shows the normal hair loss that occurs when a guinea pig is caught. Pay attention to the white hair on the black workbench.
Hair color change <br> describes the change in body color or body hair color of animals compared to normal animals of the same sex, age or strain. The focus of the observation is to describe in detail the extent and extent of the change in coat color.
Causes Genetic contamination can occur when the wrong population or strain of animals enters a group and provides genetic material. If the genetic contamination can cause a change in coat color, it will affect the overall coat color of the animal, and more than one litter of the litter will have a change in coat color. The result of this confusion may not be observed after several generations. Other signs of genetic contamination include the breeding of animals that are abnormally large or larger than normal pups. If the hair color of an animal changes in the whole litter, it may also be caused by a spontaneous gene mutation. In addition, the hair that grows after the animal is injured may also be different from before. As the age changes, animal hair is also mixed with white or gray hair, which often occurs in black-haired animals.
Figure 4A In this litter of albino rats, one accidentally "repaired" the albino gene and turned it into a wild type.
Figure 4B, C, D This mouse is male DBA/2, which produces spontaneous mutations, resulting in normal color back and pale abdomen, and four of its six offspring exhibit such mutational traits. .
Figure 4E. On the right is a shaved female mouse showing the normal appearance of C57BL/6 mouse skin when hair is regenerated. Despite the appearance of black plaque on the skin, the new hair under the white skin actually changes the pigment.
§ More references These are just the tip of the iceberg by Charles River Laboratories, the Handbook of Clinical Signs in Rodents and Rabbits. In recognition of the support of many customers in the life sciences industry for many years, from January 2016, Weitong Lihua has exclusively issued a limited edition Chinese version in mainland China, which will provide you with valuable experimental reference materials. The series is limited to the Chinese version of the limited edition, if you need the book, you can consult the regional manager in your area to get the internal publication.
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