How can bitter gourd grow to achieve high yield? Today, the small series of Huinong.com focuses on the technology and pest control of bitter melon production. A needy vegetable farmer is coming to study with Xiaobian.
1 Variety selection and seed treatment
You can choose bitter melon varieties with strong growth potential, strong branching ability, heat resistance, disease resistance, high yield and suitable for local consumption habits, such as long bitter gourd, long green bitter gourd, jade, and green variety 3.
Because the bitter gourd seed coat is thick and hard, it should be soaked in hot water of 50~55 °C before sowing, and soaked for 12h, then placed at a temperature of 30 °C for germination. When more than 80% of the seeds appear white, they can be sown. .
2 Land selection
Bitter gourd is wet, warm, fertile, and resistant to sputum. It should be planted with sandy soil blocks with deep soil layers, fertility, and convenient drainage.
3 suitable seeding seedlings
Bitter melon seedlings are planted with arch sheds. According to the subtropical climatic conditions of Wuhua County, in order to prevent frostbite after transplanting bitter gourd seedlings, it is appropriate to plant them around mid-February.
Seeding with nutrient squirting, it is necessary to pour water before sowing, so that the soil in the nutrient mash is fully moistened, and then sown in the center of the nutrient sputum and covered with 1.5 cm thick fine soil. In order to maintain the moderate temperature, it is necessary to build a shed to ensure The daytime temperature is between 25~30°C, and the nighttime temperature is in the range of 15~18°C. When the nighttime temperature drops to about 10°C, the low temperature refining can be carried out.
4 timely transplanting
4.1 Site preparation
The cultivation of bitter gourd is not suitable for continuous cropping. Continuous cropping not only affects the yield of bitter gourd, but also seriously affects its quality. It takes 2~3 years as the appropriate round. Before transplanting, it will be deep-turned to the ground, and the base fertilizer will be applied before the planting. The base fertilizer will be used as the farmer's fertilizer. It is advisable to carry out shallow ploughing once after spreading, and then make sputum, the width of 畦 is 1.6m, the height of 畦 is about 20cm, and the width of groove is 40cm.
4.2 Timely transplanting
The seedling age of bitter gourd is about 4 hearts, and the temperature outside the arch shed is stable above 10 °C. The planting distance is 1m, the plant spacing is 50cm, about 20g of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each hole before planting, and the planting is between 180,000 and 19,500. /hm2, the planting depth should not be too deep or too shallow, after planting, watering, deducting the film, to ease the seedlings.
5 Field management
5.1 Timely topdressing
Due to the more rounds of bitter gourd harvesting and the longer growth cycle, the demand for fertilizer and water is larger, and strengthening fertilizer and water management is an important prerequisite for achieving high yield and stable yield. In terms of fertilizer supply, in addition to the need to apply sufficient base fertilizer, it should also be topdressed in different growth stages of bitter gourd, and it should be applied at the flowering stage and in the fruiting stage. The first top dressing can be carried out about 1 week after planting, and 10% of the mature manure or 0.5% compound fertilizer water is suitable. In the later stage, the fertilizer is applied once every 5-7 days, and the fertilizer concentration needs to be gradually increased. After that, the concentration needs to reach about 30%. In order to prolong the harvest period of bitter gourd, it is necessary to chase heavy fertilizer 2~3 times during the flowering period, and the top dressing is mainly cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer and urea. When topdressing, you should choose the appropriate weather, and increase or decrease the amount of fertilizer according to the specific growth of bitter gourd.
5.2 Water Management
Bitter gourd requires high water content, and it must be kept moist and not able to form stagnant water. Too much water will cause roots to rot, and the leaves will be yellow, eventually leading to fruit rot. For winter and spring bitter gourd, in order to enhance its cold resistance, the water supply can be properly controlled in the early stage of growth. When the bitter gourd grows to the flowering stage, the water supply can be appropriately increased. It is better to water the water once every 2~3 days. After it enters the harvesting period, it needs to pour enough water for 1~2 times a day, but be careful not to form stagnant water to avoid affecting its growth. For summer and autumn bitter gourd, the temperature during the growth cycle is higher and the amount of water evaporation is large. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the frequency of watering and increase the amount of watering so as to better adjust the temperature and humidity to the appropriate range of bitter gourd. In the early stage of growth, the main ingredient is poured to ensure the soil is moist, and sufficient moisture is provided for the growth of bitter gourd. After the rainy season comes, the drainage work should be done in order to prevent the water from causing the surface of the roots to cause the rotten roots.
5.3 cultivating soil
In order to prevent soil compaction, it is necessary to pay attention to cultivating and cultivating soil from the beginning of bitter gourd seedling period, and timely weeding. The first cultivating is usually carried out after the planting has been carried out after the planting, and the soil is moist but not sticky when cultivating. After 10 to 15 days after the first ploughing, the second cultivating can be carried out, and it should be shallow and not deep to prevent damage to new roots. Combined with cultivating, appropriate fertilization can be carried out, and the decomposed chicken manure, pig manure and cake fertilizer are suitable. After the rack is set up, the length of the vines is up to 50 cm and no further cultivating is required. In order to ensure better ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field, weeding should be carried out in time, and the probability of occurrence of pests and diseases can be effectively reduced. In addition, if there is a shortage of seedlings, it should be replanted in time to ensure the seedlings are complete.
5.4 Racking
When the main vine of bitter gourd grows to 50cm, choose to vines in the sunny day before and after noon, mainly using the "human" frame cultivation, which is conducive to the climbing of the cucurbits. When holding the vines, care should be taken not to damage the stems and leaves, so as not to affect the late growth of bitter gourd. In order to effectively use the fertilizer water resources, there may be no side vines in the early stage of the growth of bitter gourd. If the water resources of the fertilizer are abundant, 2~3 side vines may be properly reserved. In order to ensure good ventilation and light transmission conditions, the old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed in time.
6 pest control
6.1 Disease prevention
Anthracnose is sprayed with 50% carbendazim 500-600 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600-800 times solution or 80% anthrax Fami 500 times solution, and sprayed 2~3 times.
The disease is sprayed with 72% DuPont Kelu 500 times solution or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times solution.
The spot disease is sprayed with 70% methyl thiophanate WP 800 times or 75% chlorothalonil WP 600-800 times.
6.2 Pest Control
Whitefly mites are sprayed with 25% chlorpyrifos 2000 times solution or 20% chlorpyrifos 2000 times solution, and sprayed 2 to 3 times.
The aphids were sprayed with 10% imidacloprid 2500 times solution or 10% methomyl emulsifiable oil 1500 times solution.
The above is the bitter melon high-yield planting management technology, and hope that the needy vegetable farmers can learn seriously.
PCR ( Polymerase Chain Reaction)
It provides a way to make more copies of a portion of DNA.
We need to have PCR ingredients that include DNA portion, Buffer solution, Primer+DNA (tap polymerase), and Nucleotides during the preparation step.
In the step of PCR sequence, there are three steps in this section.
Step 1 Denaturation
The addition of heat is needed to separate the two strands of the DNA molecule.
Step 2 Annealing
Temperature, is going to be cool in this step, should allow the primers to bind to the specific segments.
Step 3 DNA Synthesis
To make more copies of the DNA.
Those three steps above keep repeating to make enough copies of the DNA fragments. It is the principle of how PCR machine works.
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