The use of fattening feed additives during the finishing period of beef cattle can increase the assimilation (synthetic) metabolism of the cattle, make the nitrogenous substances in the feed more converted to bovine protein, more carbohydrates to fats, or change the body in cattle Hormone concentrations contrast, coordinate the function of the endocrine system and increase the amount of hormones in the body that favor the growth of the bovine body; or control the metabolic rate of the bovine body to reduce the amount of activity of the cattle, thereby reducing the maintenance needs of the cattle and making more nutrition Substances, especially the accumulation of energy substances in the body ... and ultimately accelerate the weight gain of beef cattle during the finishing period.
Many research and production practices at home and abroad have proved that the use of fat-enhancing additives can increase the daily weight gain by 10% to 20% and the feed conversion efficiency by 8% to 20%, thereby shortening the fattening period of beef cattle and achieving higher economic benefits. . The fattening feed additives commonly used for beef cattle include:
1. Sodium bicarbonate. The acidic environment of the cow's rumen has an important influence on the activity of microorganisms, especially when changing the type of feed (such as during the fattening period when the conversion from roughage to high-concentrate fertilizer is used), the pH of the rumen can be significantly reduced, and the rumen microorganisms are affected. Activities, and thus affect the conversion of feed. Adding 0.7% sodium bicarbonate to beef cattle feed can maintain the pH of the rumen in the range of 6.2 to 6.8, in line with the proliferation of rumen microbes, giving the rumen the best possible digestive capacity and 9% increase in feed intake. Increased daily gain by more than 10%. 66.7 grams of sodium bicarbonate and 33.3 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate constitute a buffer. The first phase of the finishing phase accounts for 1% of the dry matter of the cow's diet, and the second phase adds 0.8%, the daily weight gain can increase 15.4%, and the concentrate consumption. A decrease of 13.08%, and the incidence of digestive system diseases is greatly reduced.
2. Monensin is also known as rumen. It is hardly absorbed in the digestive tract of cattle and, therefore, there is generally no problem of residue in the tissues and transfer to edible livestock products. The application of monensin in the high-precision fattening of shelf cattle can increase the production of propionic acid, reduce the degradation of protein in the rumen, increase the total amount of protein in the rumen, increase the net energy and nitrogen utilization. The thinning of the intestinal wall is conducive to the penetration and absorption of nutrients. The total number of ciliates and bacteria in the rumen increases by 1 to 2 times. It also stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete hormones to promote growth and development, thereby increasing the rate of weight gain. Feed 5.3-360 mg per cow per day in the concentrate feed, or mix the monensin-concentrated concentrate with the roughage, and generally increase the weight gain by 15% to 20%.
3. Rare earth. It is a general term for 17 elements of lanthanoid elements and lanthanum. In the fattening cattle diet, rare earth 1 000 ppm was added. According to the determination, the daily weight gain can be increased by 26.63%, the feed ratio is reduced by 21.30%, and the feed conversion efficiency is increased by 23.39%.
4. Sodium bromide. After 0.5 g dissolved in water and fed with concentrate, it can limit cattle activity, reduce energy consumption, and increase the deposition of nutrients in the body. Daily weight gain can be increased by 16.4% to 17.7%, and ketone body weight and meat weight can be increased by 8.6% and 10.5%, respectively.
5. Probiotics. It is a kind of microbiological agent that can replace or balance one or more microbes in the microecological system of the gastrointestinal tract, such as Lactobacillus agent, Bifidobacterium agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, etc. It can stimulate the proliferation of self bacteria and inhibit it. The growth of other strains of bacteria; the production of enzymes, the synthesis of B vitamins, improve the body's immune function, promote appetite, reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases, have a fat effect. The amount added is generally 0.02% to 0.2% of the cattle diet.
6. Non-protein nitrogen. The most commonly used is urea. Cows are ruminants, and rumen microbes can use urea nitrogen to synthesize proteins (true proteins) and use them for cattle in the intestine. In the modern cattle industry, non-protein nitrogen such as urea has been widely used as a substitute for some of the protein in cattle feed to increase the digestibility of crude fiber in low-protein feeds and increase nitrogen retention and weight gain. The nutritional value per 1 kilogram of urea is equivalent to the protein nutritional value of 5 kilograms of soybean cake or 7 kilograms of flaxseed cake.
Current methods for feeding urea include: mixing 20-30 grams of urea per 100 kilograms of body weight in the concentrate or feeding the concentrate mixed with urea with roughage; or directly dissolving the urea in water and mixing or spraying on the hay. Or urea, corn and sugar paddles are mixed into liquid feed; or add urea to make silage feed. The added amount is generally 0.2% to 0.5% of the wet weight of the storage. It has been suggested that 3.4 to 4 kg of urea and 1.5 to 2 kg of ammonium sulfate are formulated as aqueous solutions, respectively, and silage is added to 1 ton of silage to increase the sulfur content. Can also reduce the amount of urea, reduce costs, better feeding. Beef cattle fed non-protein nitrogen can increase weight gain by 10% to 20%.
Many research and production practices at home and abroad have proved that the use of fat-enhancing additives can increase the daily weight gain by 10% to 20% and the feed conversion efficiency by 8% to 20%, thereby shortening the fattening period of beef cattle and achieving higher economic benefits. . The fattening feed additives commonly used for beef cattle include:
1. Sodium bicarbonate. The acidic environment of the cow's rumen has an important influence on the activity of microorganisms, especially when changing the type of feed (such as during the fattening period when the conversion from roughage to high-concentrate fertilizer is used), the pH of the rumen can be significantly reduced, and the rumen microorganisms are affected. Activities, and thus affect the conversion of feed. Adding 0.7% sodium bicarbonate to beef cattle feed can maintain the pH of the rumen in the range of 6.2 to 6.8, in line with the proliferation of rumen microbes, giving the rumen the best possible digestive capacity and 9% increase in feed intake. Increased daily gain by more than 10%. 66.7 grams of sodium bicarbonate and 33.3 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate constitute a buffer. The first phase of the finishing phase accounts for 1% of the dry matter of the cow's diet, and the second phase adds 0.8%, the daily weight gain can increase 15.4%, and the concentrate consumption. A decrease of 13.08%, and the incidence of digestive system diseases is greatly reduced.
2. Monensin is also known as rumen. It is hardly absorbed in the digestive tract of cattle and, therefore, there is generally no problem of residue in the tissues and transfer to edible livestock products. The application of monensin in the high-precision fattening of shelf cattle can increase the production of propionic acid, reduce the degradation of protein in the rumen, increase the total amount of protein in the rumen, increase the net energy and nitrogen utilization. The thinning of the intestinal wall is conducive to the penetration and absorption of nutrients. The total number of ciliates and bacteria in the rumen increases by 1 to 2 times. It also stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete hormones to promote growth and development, thereby increasing the rate of weight gain. Feed 5.3-360 mg per cow per day in the concentrate feed, or mix the monensin-concentrated concentrate with the roughage, and generally increase the weight gain by 15% to 20%.
3. Rare earth. It is a general term for 17 elements of lanthanoid elements and lanthanum. In the fattening cattle diet, rare earth 1 000 ppm was added. According to the determination, the daily weight gain can be increased by 26.63%, the feed ratio is reduced by 21.30%, and the feed conversion efficiency is increased by 23.39%.
4. Sodium bromide. After 0.5 g dissolved in water and fed with concentrate, it can limit cattle activity, reduce energy consumption, and increase the deposition of nutrients in the body. Daily weight gain can be increased by 16.4% to 17.7%, and ketone body weight and meat weight can be increased by 8.6% and 10.5%, respectively.
5. Probiotics. It is a kind of microbiological agent that can replace or balance one or more microbes in the microecological system of the gastrointestinal tract, such as Lactobacillus agent, Bifidobacterium agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, etc. It can stimulate the proliferation of self bacteria and inhibit it. The growth of other strains of bacteria; the production of enzymes, the synthesis of B vitamins, improve the body's immune function, promote appetite, reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases, have a fat effect. The amount added is generally 0.02% to 0.2% of the cattle diet.
6. Non-protein nitrogen. The most commonly used is urea. Cows are ruminants, and rumen microbes can use urea nitrogen to synthesize proteins (true proteins) and use them for cattle in the intestine. In the modern cattle industry, non-protein nitrogen such as urea has been widely used as a substitute for some of the protein in cattle feed to increase the digestibility of crude fiber in low-protein feeds and increase nitrogen retention and weight gain. The nutritional value per 1 kilogram of urea is equivalent to the protein nutritional value of 5 kilograms of soybean cake or 7 kilograms of flaxseed cake.
Current methods for feeding urea include: mixing 20-30 grams of urea per 100 kilograms of body weight in the concentrate or feeding the concentrate mixed with urea with roughage; or directly dissolving the urea in water and mixing or spraying on the hay. Or urea, corn and sugar paddles are mixed into liquid feed; or add urea to make silage feed. The added amount is generally 0.2% to 0.5% of the wet weight of the storage. It has been suggested that 3.4 to 4 kg of urea and 1.5 to 2 kg of ammonium sulfate are formulated as aqueous solutions, respectively, and silage is added to 1 ton of silage to increase the sulfur content. Can also reduce the amount of urea, reduce costs, better feeding. Beef cattle fed non-protein nitrogen can increase weight gain by 10% to 20%.
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