First, the reason for the low yield of fruit trees
Developing low-yield orchards is an effective way to rapidly increase apple yield. There are many reasons for the low yield of fruit trees. For example, the soil organic matter content is low, the soil fertility is low, the fertilization amount is small, the nutrients required for fruit trees can not meet the needs of fruit trees; the orchard lacks irrigation conditions, the soil is dry and the trees are short of water; the planted fruit trees lack pollination trees. The measures for pollination of auxiliary fruit trees are weak, the fruit setting rate is low; the prevention and control of pests and diseases are not timely, and early leaves are caused. Improper or improper trimming, tree shape is not suitable for apple tree growth habits, poor tree structure, poor ventilation and light transmission of the canopy, etc., is also one of the important reasons for the low yield of fruit trees.
A good tree structure is the basis for the high yield of fruit trees. Fruit tree pruning should be based on the principle of apple growth habits to deal with all kinds of branches of the tree; due to tree pruning, with the branches; the cultivated tree structure should be, the skeleton is firm, the main and side branches are open; The distribution is reasonable; the branches are strong and the branches are not crowded, which does not affect the ventilation and light transmission of the canopy; the crown is full and the tree has stable yield.
Second, improper cropping and low yield
In the existing low-yield orchards, the trees are mostly thin-brown crowns, and most of them are trunk-shaped tree-shaped trees. The entire tree structure of the trunk-sparing tree-shaped trees should be strong in skeleton, with few branches on the main branches, and the main layers are The lateral branches are clearly layered and the interval between the layers is large; the angle of the backbone branches is open, and the canopy is well ventilated; the distribution of the large, medium and small branches should be small inside and outside, and the results are internal and external.
However, in many low-yield orchards, due to improper methods of pruning fruit trees, the trees are not formed and the tree structure is disordered. The performance is as follows: the tree is tall, the backbone branches are not divided, the branches are too many branches; even the young shears are slow, the whip sticks are many, the branches are crowded; the long tree is too strong, the middle branches are middle and the middle Dry extension branches, apex grows vigorously; trimmed extensively, only cut branches without cutting large branches, small branches and densely squeezed; short cut too heavy, retracted too fast, the whole tree strips. As a result, the canopy is poorly ventilated, the tree is weak, the branches are weak, and the yield is low and the results are next year.
Third, through pruning, the tree is low-yield and high-yield
In order to increase the yield of low-yielding fruit trees caused by improper pruning or mistakes, it is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer, improve soil fertility, and timely control pests and diseases, to eliminate the large branches and improve the lighting conditions of the trees, and adjust and rejuvenate the results. Branch group, stable tree-based, finely trimmed, and adjusted tree structure. The following trimming work should be actively done:
1. Control the tree height. Happy to go, remove the top of the center dry, generally remove the extension of the middle of the third layer above the main branch, open the light path, so that the sun from above into the canopy.
2. Eliminate too many big branches. The large branches that have influence on the remaining backbone branches can be removed first. Appropriately retract the whip sticks that have been slowly released for years.
3. Open the layer spacing between the upper and lower main branches. One is to open the main branch to open the angle, and the other is to remove the oversized branches that grow upright on the back of the main branch.
4. Adjust and reinforce the resulting branch group. The branches of most low-yielding trees are slender and scattered, and the branches in the branches are weak. The adjustment of the branches should be better and worse, and the slender branches should be removed. Appropriate use of sparse and retraction, short cut method, cut off the invalid branches in the branch group. Rejuvenate the resulting branch group, concentrate nutrients, and improve the result ability of the resulting branch group.
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